The materials used to manufacture bifacial, dual-glass solar panels primarily include bifacial solar cells, tempered glass, encapsulant films, frames, junction boxes, and conductive materials. These components work in concert to ensure the module's photoelectric conversion efficiency, structural integrity, and long-term operational stability. Unlike traditional single-glass modules, bifacial dual-glass panels feature a dual-glass structure (front and back) that eliminates the need for a conventional backsheet, thereby enhancing the module's weather resistance and reliability.
Bifacial solar cells are the core component of the module and are typically manufactured from high-purity monocrystalline silicon. These cells convert solar energy into electricity via the photovoltaic effect; thanks to their bifacial design, they can capture both direct sunlight on the front and reflected light on the back, thereby boosting overall power generation. High-efficiency bifacial modules currently often employ advanced cell technologies-such as N-type TOPCon and HJT-to maximize conversion efficiency and minimize long-term power degradation.
Tempered glass is a crucial component of bifacial dual-glass panels, serving as both the front and back layers of the module. The glass offers high light transmittance, ensuring effective sunlight penetration to the solar cells, while also providing excellent impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and UV protection to shield the internal structure from environmental elements. To enhance the module's sealing and durability, EVA or POE encapsulant films are typically used to secure and protect the cells between the glass layers, preventing moisture ingress and mitigating environmental impact on the cells.